[vc_row row_height_percent=”0″ override_padding=”yes” h_padding=”3″ top_padding=”3″ bottom_padding=”2″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ column_width_percent=”100″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ el_class=”postflow”][vc_column width=”2\/12″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”8\/12″][vc_column_text text_lead=”yes” uncode_shortcode_id=”197979″]All contact with the camp SS was marked by violence. Hunger was a constant companion of the children and adolescents in the concentration camp. The catastrophic hygienic conditions led to an accumulation of diseases from which there was hardly any protection.<\/p>\n
The children and adolescents lived in constant fear of death. They watched many people, including friends and relatives, die. Not only were they backward in their physical development due to hunger and diseases, they were also robbed of their childhood.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/12″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=”0″ override_padding=”yes” h_padding=”3″ top_padding=”3″ bottom_padding=”2″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ column_width_percent=”100″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ inverted_device_order=”yes” el_class=”postflow wechsel”][vc_column width=”1\/1″][vc_row_inner row_inner_height_percent=”0″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=”100″ gutter_size=”3″ overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”0″ mobile_width=”0″ width=”2\/12″ el_class=”smallcolumn”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=”100″ position_vertical=”bottom” gutter_size=”3″ overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”0″ mobile_width=”0″ width=”8\/12″][vc_raw_html]JTVCdmlkZW8lMjBpZCUzRCUyNzMyODMlMjclNUQ=[\/vc_raw_html][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/12″][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_inner_height_percent=”0″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=”100″ gutter_size=”3″ overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”0″ mobile_width=”0″ width=”7\/12″ el_class=”smallcolumn”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=”100″ position_vertical=”bottom” gutter_size=”3″ overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”0″ mobile_width=”0″ width=”4\/12″][vc_custom_heading text_color=”color-145932″ heading_semantic=”h4″ text_size=”h4″ text_height=”” uncode_shortcode_id=”168886″ text_color_type=”uncode-palette”]Gert Silberbard in an interview with David P. Boder in Geneva, August 27, 1946.[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_column_text uncode_shortcode_id=”369798″]<\/p>\n
At the age of 16, Gert Silberbard was deported from Auschwitz to Buchenwald. In 1946, he vividly recalled being deprived of food and water after arriving at the Little Camp.<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text text_lead=”small” uncode_shortcode_id=”144263″](\u201eVoices of the Holocaust<\/a>\u201c, Illinois Institute of Technology)[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/12″][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=”0″ override_padding=”yes” h_padding=”3″ top_padding=”3″ bottom_padding=”2″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ column_width_percent=”100″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ inverted_device_order=”yes” el_class=”postflow wechsel”][vc_column width=”1\/1″][vc_row_inner row_inner_height_percent=”0″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=”100″ gutter_size=”3″ overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”0″ mobile_width=”0″ width=”2\/12″ el_class=”smallcolumn”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=”100″ position_vertical=”bottom” gutter_size=”1″ override_padding=”yes” column_padding=”3″ back_color=”color-185715″ overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”0″ mobile_width=”0″ width=”8\/12″][vc_custom_heading text_color=”color-jevc” heading_semantic=”h4″ text_size=”h4″ text_transform=”uppercase” text_height=”” uncode_shortcode_id=”963908″ text_color_type=”uncode-palette”]MEALS FOR AN ENTIRE WORKDAY[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_empty_space empty_h=”2″][vc_custom_heading text_color=”color-jevc” heading_semantic=”h4″ text_size=”h4″ text_height=”” uncode_shortcode_id=”519885″ text_color_type=”uncode-palette”]8 a.m. – First breakfast[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_custom_heading text_color=”color-jevc” heading_semantic=”h4″ text_font=”font-124191″ text_height=”” uncode_shortcode_id=”656684″ text_color_type=”uncode-palette”]1 glass of hot milk with butter and honey [vc_row row_height_percent=”0″ override_padding=”yes” h_padding=”3″ top_padding=”3″ bottom_padding=”2″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ column_width_percent=”100″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ el_class=”postflow”][vc_column width=”2\/12″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”8\/12″][vc_column_text text_lead=”yes” uncode_shortcode_id=”197979″]All contact with the camp […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jugend-im-kz.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3143"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jugend-im-kz.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jugend-im-kz.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jugend-im-kz.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jugend-im-kz.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3143"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.jugend-im-kz.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3143\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jugend-im-kz.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3143"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jugend-im-kz.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3143"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jugend-im-kz.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3143"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nRoll with butter and ham
\nRoll with honey
\nRoll with jam or with something else[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_empty_space empty_h=”1″][vc_custom_heading text_color=”color-jevc” heading_semantic=”h4″ text_size=”h4″ text_height=”” uncode_shortcode_id=”557551″ text_color_type=”uncode-palette”]11 o’clock – Second breakfast[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_custom_heading text_color=”color-jevc” heading_semantic=”h4″ text_font=”font-124191″ text_height=”” uncode_shortcode_id=”423307″ text_color_type=”uncode-palette”]Pancakes with ham and scrambled eggs, rolled in breadcrumbs and fried in butter
\nNoodles au gratin with eggs, honey
\nand melted butter with rice fritters
\nNoodles with apples, butter and rolls[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_empty_space empty_h=”1″][vc_custom_heading text_color=”color-jevc” heading_semantic=”h4″ text_size=”h4″ text_height=”” uncode_shortcode_id=”799197″ text_color_type=”uncode-palette”]2 o’clock – Lunch[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_custom_heading text_color=”color-jevc” heading_semantic=”h4″ text_font=”font-124191″ text_height=”” uncode_shortcode_id=”120171″ text_color_type=”uncode-palette”]Clear soup (barley soup) made of chicken broth and breadcrumbs
\nor with fat dumplings
\nStuffed beef with potatoes and paprika sauce
\nItalian pasta casserole with smoked sausage and tomatoes
\nPierogi with liver
\nDessert of semolina pudding with vanilla sauce
\nFruit dessert, pudding from millet groats with jam
\nA glass of eggnog[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_empty_space empty_h=”1″][vc_custom_heading text_color=”color-jevc” heading_semantic=”h4″ text_size=”h4″ text_height=”” uncode_shortcode_id=”807132″ text_color_type=”uncode-palette”]17 o’clock – Supper[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_custom_heading text_color=”color-jevc” heading_semantic=”h4″ text_font=”font-124191″ text_height=”” uncode_shortcode_id=”791197″ text_color_type=”uncode-palette”]Asparagus in tomato sauce
\nCauliflower fritters
\nSp\u00e4tzle with butter and rolls
\nStuffed peppers with tomato sauce
\nPotato pancakes with cream[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_empty_space empty_h=”1″][vc_custom_heading text_color=”color-jevc” heading_semantic=”h4″ text_font=”font-124191″ text_height=”” uncode_shortcode_id=”759630″ text_color_type=”uncode-palette”]The menu is unfinished. THERE\u2019S AN ALARM AGAIN![\/vc_custom_heading][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/12″][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_inner_height_percent=”0″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=”100″ gutter_size=”3″ overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”0″ mobile_width=”0″ width=”7\/12″ el_class=”smallcolumn”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=”100″ position_vertical=”bottom” gutter_size=”3″ overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”0″ mobile_width=”0″ width=”4\/12″][vc_custom_heading text_color=”color-145932″ heading_semantic=”h4″ text_size=”h4″ text_height=”” uncode_shortcode_id=”150759″ text_color_type=”uncode-palette”]Dream menu for a whole working day by Maria Brz\u0119cka, December 1944.[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_column_text uncode_shortcode_id=”729671″]Maria Brz\u0119cka<\/a>, then 14 years old, put together her dream menu for when she was freed from the Meuselwitz labor camp. However, she could not remember the taste of most of the dishes and asked the women in her quarters to describe them to her. She couldn\u2019t finish her list because of an air raid alert.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text text_lead=”small” uncode_shortcode_id=”371359″](Als M\u00e4dchen im KZ Meuselwitz. Erinnerungen von Maria Brz\u0119cka-Kosk, Dresden 2016)[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/12″][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=”0″ override_padding=”yes” h_padding=”3″ top_padding=”3″ bottom_padding=”0″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ column_width_percent=”100″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ el_class=”postflow”][vc_column width=”2\/12″][\/vc_column][vc_column column_width_percent=”100″ gutter_size=”3″ overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”0″ mobile_width=”0″ width=”6\/12″][vc_single_image media=”1667″ media_lightbox=”yes” media_width_percent=”100″ lbox_caption=”yes”][\/vc_column][vc_column column_width_percent=”100″ position_vertical=”bottom” gutter_size=”3″ overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”0″ mobile_width=”0″ width=”4\/12″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=”0″ override_padding=”yes” h_padding=”3″ top_padding=”2″ bottom_padding=”0″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ column_width_percent=”100″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ el_class=”postflow”][vc_column width=”1\/12″][\/vc_column][vc_column column_width_percent=”100″ gutter_size=”3″ overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”0″ mobile_width=”0″ width=”4\/12″][vc_custom_heading text_color=”color-145932″ heading_semantic=”h4″ text_size=”h4″ text_height=”” uncode_shortcode_id=”154527″ text_color_type=”uncode-palette”]In contrast to the dream menu: water soup in the labor camp. Drawing by Maria Brz\u0119cka, 1945.[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_column_text uncode_shortcode_id=”820620″]Every day, the only food on the menu was some bread for breakfast and a watery soup for supper. Hunger was a constant companion.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text text_lead=”small” uncode_shortcode_id=”133121″](Buchenwald Memorial)[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space empty_h=”2″][\/vc_column][vc_column column_width_percent=”100″ position_vertical=”bottom” gutter_size=”3″ overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”0″ mobile_width=”0″ width=”1\/12″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”5\/12″][vc_single_image media=”1563″ media_lightbox=”yes” media_width_percent=”100″ lbox_caption=”yes”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/12″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=”0″ override_padding=”yes” h_padding=”3″ top_padding=”2″ bottom_padding=”4″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ column_width_percent=”100″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ el_class=”postflow”][vc_column width=”5\/12″][\/vc_column][vc_column column_width_percent=”100″ gutter_size=”3″ overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”0″ mobile_width=”0″ width=”4\/12″][vc_custom_heading text_color=”color-145932″ heading_semantic=”h4″ text_size=”h4″ text_height=”” uncode_shortcode_id=”139040″ text_color_type=”uncode-palette”]”This is what we ate.” Drawing by Thomas Geve, 1945.[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_column_text uncode_shortcode_id=”192209″]In his drawing, the 16-year-old compared the food rations in Auschwitz and Buchenwald, where he was liberated on 11 April 1945.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text text_lead=”small” uncode_shortcode_id=”166133″](Yad Vashem)[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_width_percent=”100″ position_vertical=”bottom” gutter_size=”3″ overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”0″ mobile_width=”0″ width=”3\/12″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=”0″ override_padding=”yes” h_padding=”3″ top_padding=”0″ bottom_padding=”3″ back_color=”color-710287″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ column_width_percent=”100″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ el_class=”postflow”][vc_column column_width_percent=”100″ gutter_size=”3″ overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”0″ mobile_width=”0″ width=”1\/1″][vc_row_inner row_inner_height_percent=”0″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=”100″ position_vertical=”middle” gutter_size=”3″ override_padding=”yes” column_padding=”2″ overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”0″ mobile_visibility=”yes” mobile_width=”0″ width=”1\/12″][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”10\/12″][vc_empty_space empty_h=”2″][vc_custom_heading text_color=”color-jevc” heading_semantic=”h3″ text_font=”font-124191″ text_size=”fontsize-212371″ text_height=”” uncode_shortcode_id=”755010″ text_color_type=”uncode-palette”]”So we handled heavy, toxic raw materials, picked everything up without protective gloves, no protective masks or aprons were required for us, we breathed in all the poisons and stood up to our knees in saltpeter. The locals called us “lemons” because our skin was so discolored.”[\/vc_custom_heading][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/12″][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=”0″ override_padding=”yes” h_padding=”3″ top_padding=”2″ bottom_padding=”0″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ column_width_percent=”100″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ el_class=”postflow”][vc_column column_width_percent=”100″ gutter_size=”3″ overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”0″ mobile_width=”0″ width=”5\/12″][vc_custom_heading text_color=”color-145932″ heading_semantic=”h4″ text_size=”h4″ text_height=”” uncode_shortcode_id=”110254″ text_color_type=”uncode-palette”]\u00c9va Pusztai-Fahidi recalls the deadly working conditions, 2011.[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_column_text uncode_shortcode_id=”138000″]\u00c9va Fahidi, who was deported from Hungary as a teenager, was a forced laborer in the M\u00fcnchm\u00fchle subcamp. The working conditions in the munitions factory were murderous, and the prisoners could not protect themselves from hazardous substances because there was no protective clothing for them.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text text_lead=”small” uncode_shortcode_id=”420420″](\u00c9va Fahidi, The Soul of Things, University of Toronto Press, 2020)[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_width_percent=”100″ gutter_size=”3″ overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”0″ mobile_width=”0″ width=”7\/12″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=”0″ override_padding=”yes” h_padding=”3″ top_padding=”3″ bottom_padding=”3″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ column_width_percent=”100″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ inverted_device_order=”yes” el_class=”postflow”][vc_column column_width_percent=”100″ position_vertical=”middle” gutter_size=”3″ overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”0″ mobile_width=”0″ width=”4\/12″][vc_row_inner row_inner_height_percent=”0″ overlay_alpha=”50″ equal_height=”yes” gutter_size=”3″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=”100″ position_vertical=”bottom” gutter_size=”3″ overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”0″ mobile_width=”0″ width=”1\/2″][vc_empty_space empty_h=”2″][vc_custom_heading text_color=”color-145932″ heading_semantic=”h4″ text_size=”h4″ text_height=”” uncode_shortcode_id=”642076″ text_color_type=”uncode-palette”]Tanguy Tolila-Croissant, ca. 1943.[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_column_text text_lead=”small”](Comission Dora-Ellrich)[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=”100″ gutter_size=”3″ overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”0″ mobile_width=”0″ width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image media=”1576″ media_lightbox=”yes” media_width_percent=”100″ lbox_caption=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”8\/12″][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”10\/12″][vc_single_image media=”1575″ media_lightbox=”yes” media_width_percent=”100″ lbox_caption=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/12″][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”9\/12″][vc_custom_heading text_color=”color-145932″ heading_semantic=”h4″ text_size=”h4″ text_height=”” uncode_shortcode_id=”172184″ text_color_type=”uncode-palette”]Plaster fresco from a barracks in the Ellrich-Juliush\u00fctte subcamp, made by Tanguy Tolila-Croissant in the fall of 1944.[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_column_text uncode_shortcode_id=”133151″]Tanguy Tolila-Croissant was born in Paris on 16 October 1925. He began studying art at the \u00c9cole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure des Beaux Arts in Paris in 1942. In June 1944, he was arrested for resisting the German occupiers and deported to the Buchenwald Concentration Camp in August, then to Ellrich-Juliush\u00fctte. There, he frescoed the walls in his block. Many similar pictures created by him have survived from the time before his arrest – with one difference: never is a dead tree to be seen. Tolila-Croissant died on 30 December 1944, at the age of 19.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text text_lead=”small” uncode_shortcode_id=”882276″](German Historical Museum)[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space empty_h=”3″][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”3\/12″][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/1″][uncode_block id=”1024″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"